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Stroke Awareness & Prevention

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Stroke Awareness & Prevention

 

Introduction:

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. This can cause brain cells to die, leading to serious and potentially life-threatening consequences. In this blog post, we will explore the causes, symptoms, types, and treatment options available for stroke.

Causes:

Stroke can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and heart disease. Other risk factors include age, family history, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Some strokes occur spontaneously without any apparent cause, while others are the result of a specific event, such as a blood clot or bleeding in the brain.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of stroke can vary depending on the type of stroke and which part of the brain is affected. Some of the most common symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech; sudden vision loss in one or both eyes; sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; and sudden severe headache with no known cause.

Types:

There are two main types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup in an artery blocks blood flow to the brain. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a mini-stroke that occurs when blood flow to the brain is temporarily interrupted. TIAs usually last only a few minutes and do not cause permanent brain damage, but they are a warning sign of a possible future stroke.

Treatment:

A stroke is a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial to minimize brain damage and prevent further complications. Treatment options depend on the type of stroke and may include medications to dissolve blood clots or lower blood pressure, surgery to remove blood clots or repair a ruptured blood vessel, and rehabilitation to regain lost functions and prevent future strokes.

Prevention:

Preventing stroke involves making lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Regular checkups with a healthcare provider can also help detect and manage risk factors before they lead to a stroke.

Conclusion:

A stroke is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. By understanding the causes, symptoms, types, and treatment options available for stroke, you can take steps to prevent stroke and seek prompt treatment if you or someone you know experiences a stroke. With prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment, many people are able to recover from stroke and regain lost functions, highlighting the importance of awareness and education about this medical condition.

What is Peripheral Vascular Disease?

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What is Peripheral Vascular Disease?

 

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a condition that affects the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain, primarily in the legs and feet. PVD is caused by narrowed or blocked blood vessels, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs. This can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, cramping, and numbness in the legs, especially during physical activity.

Causes:

The most common cause of PVD is atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries, narrowing the blood vessels and restricting blood flow. Other factors that can contribute to PVD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. In rare cases, PVD can also be caused by a blood clot or inflammation of the blood vessels.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of PVD can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may experience no symptoms at all, while others may experience pain or discomfort in the legs, especially during physical activity. Other symptoms may include numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs; coldness in the feet or legs; and slow healing of wounds or sores on the feet or legs.

Diagnosis:

To diagnose PVD, your healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and may order diagnostic tests such as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test, which compares blood pressure readings in the arms and legs, or an ultrasound or angiogram to visualize the blood vessels in the affected area.

Treatment:

The goal of treatment for PVD is to improve blood flow and manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage PVD and reduce the risk of complications. Medications such as blood thinners or cholesterol-lowering drugs may also be prescribed to manage PVD. In some cases, minimally invasive procedures such as angioplasty or stenting may be recommended to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

Prevention:

Preventing PVD involves making lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Regular checkups with a vascular surgeon can also help detect and manage risk factors before they lead to PVD.

Conclusion:

Peripheral Vascular Disease is a common condition that can cause pain and discomfort in the legs and feet. By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options available for PVD, you can take steps to manage this condition and improve your overall health. Don’t suffer in silence – talk to your vascular surgeon today to learn more about your options for managing PVD.

What is Vascular Surgery?

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What is Vascular Surgery?

Vascular surgery is a surgical specialty that deals with diseases of the blood vessels. It is a relatively new specialty, having been founded in the early 1970s. The first residency program was started at the University of Minnesota in 1973.

The specialty of vascular surgery is divided into two main branches: open surgery and endovascular surgery.

Open surgery is the traditional form of surgery, where the surgeon makes a large incision in the patient’s body in order to access the blood vessels. Endovascular surgery is a newer form of surgery that uses tiny instruments and a camera to access the blood vessels through small incisions.

Vascular surgery is a highly specialized field, and there are only a few hundred surgeons in the United States who specialize in it. The majority of vascular surgeons are based in large metropolitan areas, and there are few rural areas that have vascular surgeons.

 Treating a variety of diseases and conditions, including:

Vascular surgery is a life-saving procedure in many cases. For example, an aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition that can lead to a ruptured aorta. If the aneurysm is detected early, it can be treated with surgery. It is a highly specialized field, and patients should seek out a vascular surgeon who is experienced in treating the specific condition that they have.

Amputation Prevention

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Amputation Prevention: Empowering Lives, Preserving Limbs

Amputation is a life-altering event that can have profound physical, emotional, and social implications. However, in many cases, amputation can be prevented with timely intervention, proactive healthcare, and patient education. Let’s explore the importance of amputation prevention and the strategies that can make a significant difference in preserving limbs and improving quality of life.

Early Detection and Treatment:

One of the key factors in amputation prevention is early detection and prompt treatment of underlying conditions that can lead to limb-threatening complications. This includes conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), diabetic foot ulcers, infections, and severe trauma. Regular check-ups, routine screenings, and proactive management of chronic diseases are vital in identifying potential risks early on.

Comprehensive Wound Care:

Effective wound care is critical in preventing infections and promoting healing, particularly in individuals with chronic wounds or ulcers. Prompt attention to any cuts, sores, or wounds, especially in high-risk populations such as diabetic patients, can significantly reduce the risk of complications that may necessitate amputation. This involves proper cleaning, dressing, and close monitoring of wounds, along with the use of advanced wound care techniques and therapies.

Managing Underlying Conditions:

Managing underlying conditions that contribute to limb-threatening complications is crucial in amputation prevention. For individuals with diabetes, maintaining optimal blood sugar control is essential to prevent peripheral nerve damage and impaired circulation. Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as adopting a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet, can help manage conditions like PAD and reduce the risk of amputation.

Multidisciplinary Care and Patient Education:

Collaboration among healthcare professionals from various specialties is paramount in preventing amputation. A multidisciplinary approach involving vascular surgeons, podiatrists, wound care specialists, physical therapists, and other relevant healthcare providers can offer comprehensive care tailored to individual needs. Patient education plays a vital role in empowering individuals to understand their conditions, recognize warning signs, and actively participate in their own care. Education on proper foot care, self-examination techniques, and lifestyle modifications can significantly contribute to preventing complications.

Prosthetics, Rehabilitation, and Support:

In cases where amputation is unavoidable, comprehensive rehabilitation services and access to quality prosthetics play a crucial role in restoring functionality and improving the overall quality of life for individuals. Adequate support networks, including counseling services and peer support groups, can help individuals navigate the emotional and social challenges associated with limb loss.

Amputation is not always an inevitable outcome.

Through proactive measures, early intervention, and comprehensive care, we can significantly reduce the number of amputations and empower individuals to live fulfilling lives with all their limbs intact. Together, let’s promote amputation prevention, raise awareness, and make a positive impact on the lives of countless individuals.

Introducing Adam Calarese M.D.

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Introducing Adam Calarese M.D.

Please join us in Welcoming Doctor Adam Calarese.

We are pleased to announce the addition of Adam Calarese M.D. to the team of talented Vascular Surgeons here at Western Vascular Institute.

Dr. Calarese is from Boston, MA, and graduated from Boston College with his undergraduate degree. He then earned a post-baccalaureate premedical degree from Harvard University. After Harvard, he attended Drexel University College of Medicine where he received his medical degree.

Dr. Calarese then completed a full General Surgery residency at Atrium Health in Charlotte, North Carolina. Once his General Surgery residency was complete, Dr. Calarese finalized his extensive training with a two-year fellowship in Vascular Surgery from the Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute. He is excited to be in the Phoenix Metro Area and ready to serve all those with vein and vascular issues.

For an appointment with Dr. Calarese, please contact one of our new patient coordinators at (480) 668-5000 ext. 332.

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Wound Care

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How To Care For a Wound

When it comes to wound care, understanding the unique aspects of vascular wounds is essential for effective treatment and optimal healing. Vascular wounds are caused by compromised blood flow, often resulting from conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), venous insufficiency, or diabetes. These wounds require specialized care to promote healing and prevent complications. Let’s delve into the world of vascular wound care and explore key strategies for nurturing healing and promoting recovery.

Assessment and Diagnosis:

Proper assessment and accurate diagnosis are fundamental in vascular wound care. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional with expertise in vascular conditions is crucial to identify the underlying cause of the wound and determine the most appropriate treatment approach. This may involve diagnostic tests, such as vascular imaging or Doppler studies, to assess blood flow and identify any arterial or venous blockages.

Optimizing Blood Flow:

Promoting adequate blood flow is a primary goal in vascular wound care. For arterial wounds, improving circulation is crucial. This may involve interventions such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the affected area. In venous wounds, managing venous insufficiency and promoting venous return are key. Compression therapy, elevation of the affected limb, and lifestyle modifications can aid in reducing swelling and improving venous circulation.

Wound Cleaning and Dressing:

Proper wound cleaning and dressing play a vital role in vascular wound care. The wound should be cleaned with gentle solutions to remove debris and bacteria without causing further damage. The choice of dressings will depend on the characteristics of the wound, including its size, depth, and level of exudate. Specialized dressings, such as those with antimicrobial properties or those that support moist wound healing, may be used to facilitate optimal healing.

Infection Prevention:

Preventing infection is crucial in vascular wound care. Vascular wounds are at a higher risk of infection due to compromised blood flow and reduced immune response. Strict adherence to sterile techniques during wound care, appropriate use of antibiotics when necessary, and close monitoring of the wound for signs of infection is essential to prevent complications.

Offloading and Pressure Redistribution:

For individuals with vascular wounds, offloading, and pressure redistribution are vital to relieve pressure on the affected area and promote healing. This may involve the use of specialized footwear, orthotic devices, or pressure-relieving cushions to reduce pressure and prevent further tissue damage. Collaborating with podiatrists can ensure the best offloading strategies are implemented.

Multidisciplinary Approach and Patient Education:

Vascular wound care often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals from various specialties, including vascular surgeons, wound care specialists, podiatrists, and nurses. Collaboration and communication among the healthcare team are crucial to ensure comprehensive care tailored to the individual’s needs. Patient education is essential to empower individuals to actively participate in their care, recognize signs of complications, and make lifestyle modifications to support healing.

Vascular wound care is a specialized field that demands expertise, close monitoring, and individualized treatment plans. By combining advanced techniques, multidisciplinary collaboration, and patient education, we can nurture healing, promote recovery, and improve the quality of life for individuals with vascular wounds.

Here are some steps to taking care of your wound:

  • Keep your cut, scrape, or skin injury clean at all times. Gently cleanse the area with mild soap and water to eliminate germs and remove debris.
  • Maintain moisture in the wound to facilitate healing by using petroleum jelly. Applying petroleum jelly prevents the wound from drying out and forming a scab, as scabs tend to prolong the healing process. Additionally, this helps prevent the formation of large, deep, or itchy scars. Remember, if you clean the wound daily, there is no need to use antibacterial ointments.
  • After cleaning the wound and applying petroleum jelly or a similar ointment, cover the skin with an adhesive bandage. In the case of larger scrapes, sores, burns, or persistent redness, hydrogel or silicone gel sheets may be beneficial.
  • Change your bandage on a daily basis to maintain cleanliness as the wound heals. If your skin is sensitive to adhesives, you can try using non-adhesive gauze pads secured with paper tape. When utilizing silicone gel or hydrogel sheets, follow the instructions provided on the packaging for changing them.
  • If your injury necessitates stitches, follow your doctor’s instructions on wound care and the appropriate time for stitch removal. This approach can help minimize the visibility of scars.
  • Once the wound has fully healed, apply sunscreen to the affected area. Sun protection aids in reducing red or brown discoloration and accelerates the fading of scars. Ensure that you always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapply it frequently.

Horse Chestnut extract for veins

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Horse Chestnut extract for veins

Horse chestnut extract, derived from the seeds of the Aesculus hippocastanum tree, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for various health conditions, including venous disorders. It contains a compound called aescin, which is believed to have beneficial effects on veins and blood vessels. Let’s explore the potential benefits of horse chestnut extract for veins.

Improving Venous Circulation:

Horse chestnut extract is commonly used to support healthy venous circulation. It is believed to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and reduce their permeability, potentially improving blood flow and reducing symptoms associated with venous insufficiency.

Relieving Symptoms of Varicose Veins:

Varicose veins occur when veins become enlarged, twisted, and often painful. Horse chestnut extract has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms associated with varicose veins, such as pain, swelling, and heaviness in the legs. It is thought to reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation, which may help relieve discomfort.

Managing Chronic Venous Insufficiency:

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in which the veins have difficulty returning blood from the legs to the heart. Horse chestnut extract has been studied for its potential benefits in managing CVI. It may help reduce leg swelling, pain, and itching associated with the condition, improving overall quality of life.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects:

Horse chestnut extract possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation in the veins and surrounding tissues. This anti-inflammatory action may contribute to its potential benefits in alleviating symptoms of venous disorders.

Antioxidant Activity:

Horse chestnut extract contains antioxidants that can help protect blood vessels from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. By neutralizing these harmful molecules, horse chestnut extract may help maintain the health and integrity of veins.

While horse chestnut extract has shown promising potential for vein health, it is important to note that scientific research on its efficacy and safety is ongoing. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplementation, especially if you have underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications.

In summary, horse chestnut extract has been traditionally used to support vein health and alleviate symptoms associated with venous disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and determine its effectiveness. If you are considering using horse chestnut extract for vein-related concerns, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your specific situation.

 

Introducing Daniel Krcelic M.D.

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Introducing Daniel Krcelic M.D.

 

Daniel Krcelic, MD a vascular surgeon in Arizona.

Western Vascular Institute is excited to introduce Daniel Krcelic M.D. has joined our group of exceptional vascular surgeons. We are very grateful for his addition and look forward to the unparalleled vascular care he will provide to the WVI patients.

Doctor Krcelic is trained in all aspects of vascular surgery in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. He completed his fellowship in vascular surgery at Carolinas Medical Center and Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute in Charlotte. Dr. Krcelic said. “I care deeply about my patients, and joining Western Vascular Institute brings another skilled vascular specialist to meet the needs of patients in the Phoenix Metro Area,”.

Appointments

Arteriovenous Fistula Creation

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Arteriovenous Fistula Creation: Enhancing Dialysis Access and Patient Well-being

For individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who require long-term dialysis, the creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a critical step in establishing reliable and efficient vascular access. An AVF is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, typically in the forearm or upper arm. Let’s explore the importance of AVF creation, its benefits, and the process involved.

Why is AVF Creation Important?

AVF creation plays a vital role in hemodialysis, a life-sustaining treatment for individuals with ESRD. During hemodialysis, blood is filtered and cleansed by a dialysis machine, and reliable vascular access is essential to facilitate the movement of blood to and from the dialysis machine. AVFs are considered the preferred form of vascular access due to their longevity, lower risk of complications, and improved dialysis outcomes compared to other access options such as arteriovenous grafts or central venous catheters.

Benefits of AVF Creation:
Improved Long-Term Vascular Access:

AVFs have the potential to provide long-lasting access for dialysis, reducing the need for repeated procedures and minimizing the risk of infection or other complications associated with temporary access options.

Increased Blood Flow and Dialysis Efficiency:

By connecting an artery to a vein, AVFs create a direct pathway for blood flow. This increased blood flow allows for efficient dialysis by facilitating the removal of waste products and excess fluid from the body during each dialysis session.

Lower Risk of Infection and Thrombosis:

AVFs have a lower risk of infection and clot formation compared to other access methods. The natural connection created between the artery and vein promotes better blood flow and reduces the likelihood of complications such as infection or blockages.

Preservation of Central Veins:

AVFs help preserve central veins, such as the subclavian or jugular veins, which may be necessary for future access options if AVF complications arise or if the AVF is no longer viable.

The AVF Creation Process:

The creation of an AVF involves a surgical procedure that is typically performed by a vascular surgeon. The process generally includes the following steps:

Preoperative Evaluation:

Before AVF creation, the surgeon assesses the patient’s vascular anatomy and determines the most suitable site for the fistula. Factors such as the diameter and quality of the veins and arteries are considered.

Surgical Procedure:

The surgeon makes an incision to access the artery and vein chosen for the AVF. The artery is dissected, and a segment of the vein is isolated. The artery and vein are then connected to create the fistula, allowing blood to flow from the artery into the vein.

Postoperative Care and Maturation:

After the surgery, the AVF requires time to “mature” and develop the necessary blood flow. This maturation process typically takes several weeks to months. During this time, the vein gradually enlarges, becoming suitable for dialysis needle insertion.

Monitoring and Maintenance:

Regular follow-up visits with the healthcare team are essential to monitor the AVF’s functionality and detect any potential issues early on. The patient is educated on proper care and maintenance of the AVF to minimize complications and maximize its longevity.

Arteriovenous fistula creation is a crucial step in establishing reliable vascular access for individuals requiring hemodialysis. By providing long-term access, improving dialysis efficiency, and reducing the risk of complications, AVFs contribute significantly to the well-being and quality of life of patients with ESRD.

Matters of the Heart

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Matters of the Heart

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a fist, located at the center of our chest that pumps blood through the network of arteries and veins. It pumps around 6 liters of blood per minute. The heart’s vital performance can be affected by a number of factors, causing it to beat too slow, too fast, or even cause it to fail. Aside from physical ailments, emotions such as joy, sadness, and grief can positively or negatively affect the heart’s performance and health.

Figuratively, the deepest and most noble thoughts and feelings, as well as the darker ones, have been attributed to originating from the heart. Matters of the heart are the most important things in our lives and move us deeply. They bring us joy and laughter, along with sadness and tears. They are things that touch our hearts, fill our hearts, and break our hearts. They are what makes us fully human. Matters of the heart connect us to each other and to God.

This exhibition showcases new and original works of art by Dr. Julio Rodriguez-Lopez (renowned vascular surgeon) in acrylic paint with some new watercolor features. These pieces in essence merge the clinical with the metaphorical presentations of the heart and reveal the connection between both.

Schedule an Appointment with Renowned Vascular Surgeon Dr. Julio Rodriguez

Not only is Dr. Julio Rodriguez an amazing artist but, he is also a highly-trained vascular surgeon. Dr. Rodriguez is an internationally renowned vascular surgeon who has devoted his life to Vascular education, research, and teaching. He is dedicated to providing you with comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for all of our vascular conditions. For more information, contact Western Vascular Institute at (480) 668-5000 and schedule an appointment today!